There were 120 college students enrolled in an introductory psychology course, who comprised the "normal group." Psychological Assessment, 10, 83-89. Beck Depression Inventory 2nd edition (BDI-II) is one of the most commonly used instruments in research and practice to measure the presence and severity of Beck Depression Inventory. The lack of psychometrically well-established measures for assessing depression in community hinder the early detection of symptoms, the evaluation of the effectiveness of interventions and the development of research programs aimed to identify risk factors associated to depression in Dominican population. Rehabilitation Psychology, 46, 195-202. The NCTSN is funded by the Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and jointly coordinated by UCLA and Duke University. The BDI-II also has good convergent and discriminant validity. Cole, J.C., Grossman, I., Prillman, C., & Hunsaker, E. (2003). American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(1), 181-183. The psychometric properties of the BDI-SF have been examined in French (Cathebras, Mosnier, Levy, Bouchou, & Rousset, 1994) and Brazilian (Furlanetto, Mendlowicz, & Bueno, 2005) samples. . It can be used to screen for depression and monitor the course of treatment. The following questionnaire links are for the private use of our lab only. Arch Gen Psychiatry. They found no differences between Caucasians and non-Caucasians but did report significant correlations between age and BDI-II scores. Byrne, Stewart, & Lee (2004) examined the psychometrics of the Chinese Beck Depression Inventory-II with a sample of Hong Kong community adolescents. (2005). Beck AT, Ward CH, Mendelson M, Mock J, Erbaugh J. Dozois, Dobson, & Ahnberg (1998) indicated sensitivity and specificity rates listed above using cutoffs of 0-12 (nondepressed), 13-19 (dysphoric), and 20-63 (dysphoric or depressed). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199750.t003. Affective Negative Reinforcement in Addiction, Mechanisms for Intoxicated Emotion and Behavior. Also, when verifying the fit of a bifactor model, it makes sense to consider additional indices, mainly the hierarchical omega (H), the percentage of explained common variance (ECV) and the percentage of uncontaminated correlations (PUC). According to Steer et al. Results from hierarchical and bifactor BDI-II models supported both models. Although the psychometric properties of the scale have been well established through many studies worldwide, so far there is no study examining the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Republic Dominican. e0199750. The measure has been found to be useful in detecting change in treatment-outcome studies. There are many resources available to help you. here. 2017;14(1):30-36. doi:10.4306/pi.2017.14.1.30, Phan T, Carter O, Adams C, et al. 7. The revised BDI, known as the BDI-II, is the most widely used version of the questionnaire. Among women who have experienced intimate partner violence, those with comorbid PTSD and Major Depression show higher levels of symptomatology on the BDI-II than those with PTSD alone and those with no PTSD or Major Depression (Nixon, Resick, Nishith, 2004). Beck, A.T., Steer, R.A., & Brown, G.K. (1996). Results showed that a bifactor model with a general depression factor and three specific factors consisting of cognitive, affective, and somatic factors provided the best fit to data. The BDI has been widely used in research studies and clinical practice. Psychological Reports, 94(3), 1444-1446. Reveals specific suicidal characteristics that require greater clinical scrutiny. Cardemil, E.V., Kim, S., Pinedo, T.M., & Miller, I.W. Yes Carmody D. P. (2005). Braz J Psychiatry. Differential item functioning in a Spanish translation of the Beck Depression Inventory. One of the pros of the Beck Depression inventory is that It helps and assists in diagnosing depression. Benefits of the Beck Depression Inventory IV. doi: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2020.87. Arch Gen Psychiatry. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Kubany, E.S., Hill, E.E., Owens, J.A., Iannce-Spencer, C., McCaig, M.A., Tremayne, K.J., & Williams, P.L. Factor structure, concurrent validity, and internal consistency of the Beck Depression Inventory-Second Edition in a sample of college students. For the BDI-II, a score of 10 to 18 indicates mild depression, and 30 or above indicates severe depression. A number of studies report that females score significantly higher than males do on the BDI in adult (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) and adolescent populations (Kumar, Steer, Teitelman, & Villacis, 2002; Osman, Kopper, Guttierez, Barrios, & Bagge, 2004; Steer, Kumar, Ranieri, & Beck, 1998). In these models, an orthogonal general factor called depression was tested along with the specific proposed factors. Cohen, J.A., Mannarino, A.P., & Knudsen, K. (2004). The first revision occurred in 1979, also popularized as BDI-I A, differs from the . The BDI-II is widely used as an indicator . The Self-report study based on the symptoms described by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) [6], which makes measuring depressive severity possible. The CDI is used to scale the severity of depressive symptoms in children. Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 59(2), 127-134. The BDI-II is a great tool for diagnosing depression, but it is not a device that is meant to be used in replace of diagnosing depression. Thus, in contrast to different authors who advocate the use of BDI-II total scores and questioned the validity of subscales [13,34], the present findings support the use of the BDI-II total score along with scores corresponding to each subscale, in agreement with Beck et al. Comparison of two self-evaluation scales and clinical assessment with a structured questionnaire. If you are concerned about your level of depression, it is important to discuss your symptoms with a mental health professional. The PHQ-9 is the nine item depression scale of the patient health questionnaire. c. Give an example or explain how someone being diagnosed with a mental disorder can be sim; (2004). Silver, S.M., Rogers, S., Knipe, J., & Colelli, G. (2005). Secondly, to examine the validity and reliability of BDI-II in Dominican Republic. Finally,Vanheule et al. Universidad Nacional d Crdoba, Crdoba, Argentina. From a practical standpoint, the lack of assessment tools for depression may not make available protocols for early identification of depression symptoms at primary care units. Additional data regarding reliability are presented under Notes for "Construct Validity." Subsequent reliability analysis of the BDI-II total score and subscale scores showed acceptable to high internal consistency, with alpha coefficients ranging from .70 to .89. No, Is the Subject Area "Diagnostic medicine" applicable to this article? Keep track of your depression. These two factors have been identified using the BDI-II with adult outpatients. However, 30% of bilingual participants would be placed in a different depressive category depending on whether their Spanish or English scores are used. Chron Respir Dis. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Discriminant validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (II) and Beck Anxiety Inventory to confirmed clinical diagnosis of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [35] did not find confirmatory evidence for bifactor models but, instead, they found that a three-factor model consisting of affective, cognitive and somatic factors provided better fit to data in clinical and non-clinical samples. The BDI-II discriminates depressed from non-depressed patients (Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996; Sprinkle et al., 1992). Subica et al. Alexithymia and dissociative tendencies in an adolescent sample from Eastern Turkey. The BDI can also be used to monitor the course of treatment. Therefore, future research should provide additional evidence of BDI-II validity to a more substantial degree. Yes Depression and Anxiety, 19(3), 187-189. It was developed by famous American psychiatrist Dr. Aaron T. Beck. [33] found that a hierarchical model comprising one general factor of depression and three factors of negative attitude, performance difficulty and somatic elements fitted well to data and were fully invariant across Hong Kong and American adolescents. To learn more about depression and how . No, Is the Subject Area "Primary care" applicable to this article? Penley, J.A., Wiebe, J.S., & Nwosu, A. Demyttenaere K, Jaspers L. Trends in (not) using scales in major depression: A categorization and clinical orientation. The BDI test is widely known and has been tested for content, concurrent, and construct validity.High concurrent validity ratings are given between the BDI and other depression instruments as the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Scale; 0.77 correlation rating was calculated when compared with inventory . The additive benefit of hypnosis and cognitive-behavioral therapy in treating acute stress disorder. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 49(3), 381-385. Thirteen adolescents aged 13-17 rated the degree to which items were understandable, easy to read, and would correspond to what they would say to a mental health professional about how they feel. How do they differ and what does this mean for depression research? Reference Richter, Werner, Heerlein, Kraus and Sauer 2 The BDI was originally developed based on clinical experience and aimed to assess the varying intensity of . The validity of the Beck Depression Inventory-Short Form as a screening and diagnostic instrument for moderate and severe depression in medical inpatients. The authors revised the BDI to be more consistent with the criteria for depression found in the DSM-IV. (2005) factor analyzed data from a low-income African American outpatient sample. They found good internal consistency (alpha=.92), and using confirmatory factor analysis, identified two first-order depression factors and one second-order general depression factor, similar to what has been reported in other samples. Eaton WW, Neufeld K, Chen LS, Cai G. A comparison of self-report and clinical diagnostic interviews for depression: diagnostic interview schedule and schedules for clinical assessment in neuropsychiatry in the Baltimore epidemiologic catchment area follow-up. Krefetz, D.G., Steer, R.A., Gulab, N.A., & Beck, A.T. (2002). The mean age was 27.07 (SD = 11.18). No, Is the Subject Area "Dominican Republic" applicable to this article? . Indeed, Hunt et al [63] demonstrated that subjects who administered a manipulated version of BDI-II in which the purpose was disguised and the content was padded with items that not tap depression symptoms, scored significantly higher than subjects who completed the original scale. Beck Depression Inventory-II. It has also been used in numerous treatment outcome studies and in numerous studies with trauma-exposed individuals. It is also necessary to admit that a peculiar feature of this mental . Assessment, 9, 164-170. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI, BDI-II), created by Dr. Aaron T. Beck, is a 21-question multiple-choice self-report inventory, one of the most widely used instruments for measuring the severity of depression. There was neither difficulty in understanding nor negative commentaries about the scale content. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. Data Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Sanz, J., Perdign, A.L., & Vzquez, C. (2003). The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 41, 361-374. Scoring The Beck Depression Inventory. For example, individuals are asked to respond to each question based on a two-week time period rather than the one-week timeframe on the BDI. This population consisted of 317 females and 183 males; 91% Caucasian, 4% African American, 4% Asian American, and 1% Latino. (1998). Common depression assessment tools differ widely in the symptoms they ask about. The BDI-II is widely used and accepted as a measure of depressive symptomatology. Beck Depression Inventory is an efficient and reliable psychological test for measuring the presence and severity of depression in patients. Today, BDI is considered one of the vital . Psychiatry Investig. It was also found that the therapy was more successful than drug therapy and had a lower relapse rate, supporting the proposition that depression has a cognitive basis. Crossref. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is widely used to screen for depression and to measure behavioral manifestations and severity of depression. Raw scores of 0 to 13 indicates minimal depression, 14 to 19 indicates mild depression, 20 to 28 indicates moderate depression, and 29 to 63 indicates severe depression. Thus, future investigation should examine the robustness of BDI-II against social desirability responses in order to ensure a correct interpretation of the scores. Background: There have been several developments in research on emotional disorders in people with intellectual disability (ID). Current address: Escuela de Psicologa, Pontifica Universidad Catlica Madre y Maestra, Santiago de los Caballeros, Repblica Dominicana. Published 2020 Apr 20. doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0787-9. It takes approximately 10 minutes to complete, although clients require a fifth-sixth-grade reading level to adequately understand the questions. This tool, the Beck Depression Inventory, is one of the top tools used to assess a person's mental health and determine whether they are experiencing depression. In contrast, findings concerning BDI-II factor structure have been somewhat inconsistent. The wording in some items asks the respondent to compare their current state to a prior one (e.g., than usual, as ever). Contreras, S., Fernanedez, Senaida, Malcarne, V.L., Ingram, R.E., & Vaccarino, V.R. Relationships between the underlying constructs of the Beck Depression Inventory and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, Educational and Psychological Measurement, 63(2), 319-335. e/ Pros/ Cons of Psychotherapy. Clinica y Salud, 14(3), 249-280. Bilingual participants completed both English and Spanish versions, with comparable scores across language administrations. Scores >10 generally meet the threshold for a diagnosis of depression. BDI-II scores are correlated with scores on the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, the Beck Hopelessness Scale, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, the MMPI-A, and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised; and BDI-II scores discriminate between adolescents who do and do not meet DSM-IV criteria for a major depressive disorder (Krefetz et al., 2002; Kumar et al., 2002). The total scale was the only one that presented values greater than .80 ( = .89; corrected item-total correlations between .37 and .62). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) is a 21-item, self-report rating inventory that measures characteristic attitudes and symptoms of depression [6]. The Beck depression Inventory is an efficient and reliable psychological test for measuring presence! Stress disorder medicine '' applicable to this article Kim, S., Knipe, J. &! 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